科學報告（吳鈺晟）

1. Science Daily News文選
  I downloaded a “happiness app” onto my phone. It was surprisingly hard to choose one. There were close to a thousand bliss-promising options in the app store — ones that would teach you to meditate or be grateful, or that would send you photomontages of sunsets and puppies or unfeasibly flattering shots of your loved ones.
   The app I eventually chose messaged me every hour or so with a positive affirmation that I was supposed to repeat to myself over and over. “I am beautiful,” or “I am enough.” The problem was, every time my phone buzzed with an incoming message, I would get a Pavlovian jolt of excitement thinking an actual person was trying to contact me. “I am enough,” I would snarl bitterly upon realizing the truth, unable to shake the feeling that, without friends or community, I really wasn’t.
    “Happiness is determined not by what’s happening around you, but what’s happening inside you”; “Happiness should not depend on other people”
   Teenagers and young millennials are spending less time just “hanging out” with their friends than any generation in recent history, replacing real-world interaction with smartphones.
   Research shows that a lack of social connection carries with it a risk of premature death comparable to that of smoking, and is roughly twice as dangerous to our health as obesity. The most significant thing we can do for our well-being is not to “find ourselves” or “go within.” It’s to invest as much time and effort as we can into nurturing the relationships we have with the people in our lives.
   引注：https://cn.nytimes.com/opinion/20171031/happiness-is-other-people/zh-hant/dual/

2. 重點摘譯
   幸福感應該自內而外而非自外而內地產生的理念，正慢慢變成世人默認的真理。這種幸福被設定為自我發現之旅，而不是與外界打交道的天然副產品；這種幸福強調情感上的獨立，而非相互依賴；其所基於的理念是，要獲得有意義的滿足，只能全力探索自己的內心，深入靈魂深處，認清我們個性當中的複雜和敏感。第一步：發現自己。第二部：做自己。
   少年人和年輕的千禧一代用來和朋友「閒蕩」的時間比不久前的任何一代人都少，智慧型手機取代了真實世界中的互動。
  缺少社會交往引發的過早死亡風險可與吸煙比肩，給健康帶來的風險約為肥胖的兩倍。我們為自身的健康能做的最重要的事，不是「發現自我」或「探尋內心」。而是在生活中盡可能多地投入時間和精力，培育我們和其他人的關係。


3. 延伸學習
   研究發現，多巴胺可以控制幸福、快樂感覺。研究人員進行老鼠實驗，透過食用糖漿等方式讓老鼠產生中樞回饋反應，當老鼠大腦感覺快樂、幸福的時候，大腦就會分泌多巴胺，研究人員運用高血壓老鼠做實驗，並針對這些老鼠進行新型基因治療，結果顯示，當老鼠感到開心、幸福的時候，高血壓問題就會獲得改善。身體不只大腦會分泌多巴胺，交感神經系統也會產生多巴胺，大腦透過這些自律神經系統與身體其他部位互動、連結，雖然因血腦屏障關係，大腦無法將多巴胺直接輸入身體循環系統，不過像腎臟、腎上腺、血管等部位都有多巴胺受體。


4. 心得關鍵句
   A lack of social connection carries with it a risk of premature death comparable to that of smoking, and is roughly twice as dangerous to our health as obesity.
缺少社會交往引發的過早死亡風險可與吸煙比肩，給健康帶來的風險約為肥胖的兩倍。